Malaysia's economic downfall

Well, the issue is the Malaysia's economic downfall. Malaysia is now heading to another economic crisis. Due to the economic crisis, the industry suffered tremendously. This is because as the economy has set back the blooming construction industry into a sudden fall and a major drop in growth graph. Suddenly, everything was declined in the construction and no new works was done. There were lots of projects that delayed and many workers are loosing their jobs recently.

COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

a) The identity of changes are (i) the behavior of the society. People starting to save their money and their savings in order to live. Some of the workers from the private sector works harder than they used to because of afraid being fired by their employers. (ii) the productivity rate. The products produce by the companies are less than usual. These companies tries to keep the level of quality for their products. So, the productivity rate became lesser than before.

b) The level of changes happens throughout the organizations and society. The organizations have to retrenched their employees in order to keep their companies stable with less budgetary problems. The society will also feel the changes too during the economic downfall. The society have to save in spending their money because of the price of goods have increased too. 

c) The duration of change in this issue is a short-term phenomena. Most of the time, when a country suffers from the economic downfall, it will only last from few years. It doesn't last long. The countries will recover from the economic downfall as fast as they can. 

d) The magnitude of change are comprehensive and revolutionary. It is comprehensive because the whole society in the country felt the changes happened in the country and life due to economic downfall. It does not only effect organizations, employees or undergraduates but the whole society in the country including people in the rural areas or even housewives.  As for revolutionary, it is really drastic. As we can see, during the economic downfall, the price of oil increased massively. The price of oil did not increase slowly but drastically. This does not only apply to the price of oil but to the price of goods too.  

e) The rate of change are fast and spasmodic. When the economic downfall, the rate of change becomes fast as it involves the flow of income of the society in most of the things including oils, goods and loans. The behavior of the society changes fast as the increments of price and the shortage of money or sources. It is certainly not continuous because the economy of the country will be better sooner of later. Usually the economic downfall lasts for only few years. Besides, the country's economy will change throughout the time. 

VARIABLES/SOURCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

1) The productivity of the goods in some industry may tend to become slower. It means that when the workers has been reduced, the quantity and quality of the product will decrease. 

2) The political system in the country may become chaos as the politician are focusing to the economic problem and with the other matters as well.

3) There will be competitions between the citizens, especially those who are jobless, in finding their jobs.

Tada!!!! our second task^^-juwaini, sofya, ross, sharafina, che rose, nisa, linda, zura

Question 6: Evaluate the political situation in Malaysia during 1960s in term of people participation.

In 1960s, the awareness of the society to participate in election start to arise. In this term, people's participation does not only focuses on the voting but also the interest of the individual to become the candidate in the politic development. There were many campaigns that had been done by the government to enhance the people participation. There were also training that had been done to the candidates on how to play the political game.
During the 1969 election, the political candidates especially from the opposition party, talks on the issue of Bahasa Melayu becomes the main language in the country, the Malay privileges and the non-Malays citizenship rights. Due to their actions, there are many suspicious arises between the citizens of Malaysia.
The Gerakan won during the election at the Batu, Selangor. Gerakan got police permission for 1,000 party members and supporters to hold their own demonstrations that evening. Word got around quickly and the number swelled to 4,000 which later broke up into smaller groups that conducted their own “demonstrations” away from the restrain of party leaders. They, too, taunted the Malays with insults, using similar words that had been hurled by the previous day’s demonstrators, such as: “Melayu balik kampung, kita sudah berkuasa sekarang” (“Malays, return to your villages, we are now in power”) and “Hey Sakai boleh balik ke hutan” (“Hey Sakai, you can return to the jungle”).
The awareness of politic participation also influenced by the appearance of maktab teachers. they started to play roles to publish their writing which is more focuses on political spirit and a sense of patriortisme among Malays. all the writing published by them is more oriented to Malays spirit. due to the publication of all the writing, Malay people started to have a sense of patriotisme to stand on their right as a local citizen of Malay. Aminuddin Baki is one of the writer of the political spirit book at that time.


Question 7: Define urbanization and the impact of urbanization.

urbanization is a transformation process from the rural areas or natural into a city which is urban area. it can be seen when there is the increament of population living in a city. the process of urbanization must be focus on the development of rural area to be in same level with other urban area. to have a title of urban, that particular area must follow some characteristis that been underlined. for example, the population must be around 100 000, there are many facilities provided by local authority in that area, there must be a centre of administration and centre of high education institution and so on.
there are two impacts of urbanization which are divided into negative and positive. In the term of positive effect, the industries at the area will develop as there are improvement in demand and supply as for the population had expand. Normally, the industries that have been developed are food industries, the electrical industries and so on. Thus, it shows the positive impacts of urbanizazion that related with the development administration. however, there are some negative impact in terms of social aspect. As we know, in the urban area, the technology advancement is better than rural area. Thus, most of young generation can use and supply all those technology advancement. However, most of them have misuse those advancement. Some of the problem occurs were the pornography video clips which have been downloaded by the underage. 

Question 8: How far the existence of civil society may increase the government competency? illustrate your answer with appropriate example.

civil society refers to that sphere of voluntary association and informal network in which individuals and group engage in activity of public consequence. it is distinguish from the public activities of government because it is voluntary, and from the private activities of market because, it seeks common ground and public goods. it is often as the third sector. the existence of civil society such as 'SUHAKAM', Biro Pengaduan Awam, MAKNA, and so on. all of them have been contribute in government administration. Besides the Biro Pengaduan Awam also has become a link between the government and society in order to reach out all citizents complaints and matters to the government. SUHAKAM also play a role to advise and assist government in administration and suggest action to be taken, for example, the issue of the price of goods.

Question 9: To privatise or not to privatise.

Privatization refers to transformation of ownership and responsibility of government to private company in order to decrease the government burden. Privatise surely can give a lot of advantage, such as the quality or product and services are better than the non-private sectors. However, the negative effect is that the citizens will loose their confidence in government's capablity. For example, the privatization of IJN, majority of the people did not agree with that because it would lead to high cost in its treatment which poor people cannor afford for it. 

the positive effect is that, the corruption in their administration are less because they are really concern in the terms of services and goods. in our opinion, Malaysia should have balance in private sectors and also government sectors in which both of them should be applied in our country. 

Question 10: Of all aspect of development in our country, (inclusive social, economic, and politic) which of those that should be given more emphasis right now and why.

In our opinion, the government should be given more attention in the term of politic. This is because, in order to improve the economic and social system, the stabilization in politic is very important. This is because the political system will be the one in which to formatize the structure of our country, no matter in economic and social system. For example, the political system in Somalia. the political system in the country is not really in its best condition. therefore, the citizens in the country are having problem in economic and social matters, in which they have no foods and they also have committed many crimes in order to get food, such as they have become pirates and rob the foreign ships to get the foods.    

Question 1: Appropriate theme for the current development in Malaysia

Malaysia has developed massively for the past few years. Its theme has changed rapidly with the changes done in the country. It has its ups and down in developing the country.
In the political development, people's participation in election or politic issues has increased greatly. The citizens are more aware to the political development. The number of voters arises as well as the number of the candidates. As the rising of the number of voters, this shows that Malaysia citizens are increasing day by day.
The lifestyle of the citizens in Malaysia are increasing as well. The government focuses more on the modernization of life in its people. As we know, there are many of them who are still living in the rural area. There are not enough of facilities provided to them such as education, health centre and electricity. The government has launched many activities in order to increase the welfare and lifestyle of the society. For instance, building up more schools in the rural area, provides more health centre or clinics and giving more scholarships to rural area students.This may enhance the students desire to pursue his or her studies to a higher level of education. Recently, the Ministry of Education has changed the language in learning Mathematics and Science in primary and secondary school. The syllabus of primary school has also changed. The Ministry has included Science subject to be learn by the Standard 1,2 and 3 students. School kids must also learn Civic subject in school.
The Ministry of Education has also launched the Blueprint project. The Blueprint project is mainly to increase access to education, increase equity in education, increase quality of education, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education management. It focuses on the development of preschool, primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels which will be strengthened through the development of support programmes, funding, management, and integration of information and communication
technology (ICT).
In social development, the government implements many programs to enhance development in social through various ministries such as the Ministry of Youth, Ministry of National Unity and Social Development and Ministry of Human Resource. For example, the Ministry of Human Resource play role to protect the interest of workers through the concept of industrial relations. In fact there are many NGOs existed in Malaysia in order to protect the welfare of workers such as Malaysian Trade Union Congress (MTUC). MTUC are mainly formed to settle any disputes between the worker and public or private sector employer.
In the economy development, Malaysia's Small Medium Entreprenuer (SME) has increased highly these days. The development in the rural area had been improved since they gained a lot from the small medium industry. Some of them are from the sales of budu, handicraft and 'keropok'.

Question 2: The impact of securing foreign aid and how far should the government comply with the rules put by the borrower.

USSR, China, and few others countries are well known for aiding Malaysia in various aspects, whether in economic, defences and politics. the impacts of having all those aid can apply the new technology from the developed countries to our technology for the expansion in the aspect of education (science and technology). It is also to access the development in a big project for example, the construction of Kuala Lumpur Convension Centre (KLCC) which was supported by the foreign country.
once Malaysia received the aid by the borrower, of course, they will be given certain rules and conditions by the borrower. Usually, the rules which were given are profitable to the borrower sides. Therefore, Malaysia should have their own limits in gaining aid from the foreigners. For example, lets go back in the year 1997. When ASEAN countries were facing financial crisis, Malaysian former Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad had accused one economist from United Stated, George Soros, from using the wealth under his control until Malaysia and Indonesia suffered from inflation.
During Tun's administration, to overcome the inflation crisis in 1997, IMF had offered Tun foreign aid in term of loan. However Tun refused to accept the offer. The reason was Tun did not want Malaysia to be burden by the interest from the loan as the IMF are well known for their high interest charge and Tun did not want to depend only from the IMF.
That is why the goverment must careful in accepting the aid and they should examine whether the rules can make us Malaysian gain loss or benefits. They also should comply the rules if they want to accept the aid as long Malaysia would not affected by the deals between both parties.

Teacher's Note

if you were about to redefine development administration, how it would be? what rational of the definition?
from what we can understand, development administration is a field of study that include the element in development administration which are substantive, managerial, political and social as a tool in order to ensure our administration run smoothly and efficiently. also, it is a tool and action taken by the government to enforce the country development palns and programs or projects encompasess political, social, economy aspects exclusively to enhance the administration performance and reach national development objective. this is because, it can make our administration more systematic and stable because practices the entire elements and believe all the elements have their own benefits that will effect our administration system.

This isn’t a definition!
A definition should explain a concept or ideas, and where's your main idea of DA?

But, all I can get here is just a combination of MY EXPLANATION in class in your own words [and, there were so many spelling mistakes! Deduction for that].

Human and social dimension of development.
Human development can be viewed as the process of achieving an optimum level of health, and well-being. it includes physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, educational, economic, and other components as well. social development is a process which results in the transformation of social structures in a manner which improves the capacity of the society to fulfill its aspirations. for example, the policy of using english in the subjects of mathematic and science in Malaysia which has started few years ago has shown us that there is development in education in which the students are now more exposed to the english language and not only to malay language.

Oversimplified explanation. The dimension wasn’t operationalized. In fact, the examples also similar with what we had discussed in class. [Capitalizing use mistakes – deduction.]

economic development
it refers to a sustainable increase in quality of life. it implies increase per capital income, better education and health as well as environmental protection. the economic development process supposes that legal and institutional adjustment are made to give incentives for innovation and for investment so as to develop an efficient production and distribution system for goods and services. in this aspect, the economists help policymakers formulate their development programs in ways consistent with the economic goals of the people and with their social and political system.

Only the last 2 sentences reflecting the relationship between DA and economic development (and, yes there were very good point!).

The rest? I’m not sure.

political development
the expansion and centralization of governmental power, the differentiation and specialisation of functions, the identification of the populace with the political system, and their increased involvement in government.also, the larger numbers of people have been led into greater political awareness and have had more opportunity to participate. yet, there are those who maintain that this increase participation is more apparent than real

If the voting pattern becomes the only example, how you justify the whole explanation about the expansion and centralization of governmental power?

Plus, is this really your ideas? Sorry, but I doubted it. So, if this is a borrowed idea, please give due credit to the sources. But, if it yours, it is really good then.

public administration development
public administration plays role as a mediator for private groups and individual to deliver services to the society. it is also an organization and it is management of people and materials to achieve government objective.it is also to provide efficient, pro-active and capable of meeting and the demands of the time as well as adjusting and itself for changes and reforms of the future. to boost up the administrative skills
within the administrator, the government establish the INTAN (Institusi Pentadbiran Negara) and MAMPU(Malaysian Administrative Modernization Unit). MAMPU is for the modernize goverment administration system, meanwhile the INTAN is providing training for the government services.

We’re not talking about the role of PA and DA separately. Of course PA may serves as mediator between people and the government (but for private group and people?, what are you trying to say?), but in overall pictures, it doesn’t shows the real relationship between two.
I think, this is where you should include political element of DA in relation to all government’s institutions mentioned. You have a good point, but you failed to explain them clearly.

3-What is political administration dichotomy?
A politics-administration dichotomy is an administration that can be apolitical. No administration has ever been formed that has ever come close to being apolitical. Politics is what a government does and administration is how it does it. "What do I do?" and "How do I do it?" are related questions no matter what field your in. Politics-administration dichotomy not only cannot be sustained, it cannot be initiated.

Doesn’t sound yours …. And doesn’t reflect your understanding.




My end note:
Dear students,

As I repeatedly said, please don’t impress me with all bombastic words and out-the-world ideas since I think I’m all aware about your capability (don’t’ regards this as belittling yourself though). It is ok to come out with simple words but excellent explanation. The simple the explanation, the better.

I do appreciate your own ideas, no matter how bad you think it is more than you giving me all sophisticated concept whatsoever (which sometimes you don’t even know what does it means).

Remember, they way you present your ideas actually will become the major factors of the whole assessment. I’m not looking for a crap work which presented for the sake of assignment, but more than that. But, if you think that’s all the best you can give, then, be happy with what you’ll get.

Good luck and have a nice day.





Result:

Overall group performance: 5/10

Individual performance:
Che Roswaniza Bt Che Mat: 4/10
Hiziani Sofya Bt Hasrul Sani: 1.5 / 10
Juwaini Binti Abu Bakar: 6.5/10
Khairunnisa Binti Ismail: 6/10
Ross Ainura Binti Ramli: 6/10
Syarafiena Bt Mohamed Idris: 6.5/10
Tengku Halinda Bt Tengku Zalwai: 4/10
W Zailazura Binti W Hashim: -

Grade of the day:

juwaini, hiziani sofya, khairunnisa, che roswaniza, ros ainura, syarafiena, tengku halinda

1.if you were about to redefine development administration, how it would be? what rational of the definition?

from what we can understand, development administration is a field of study that include the element in development administration which are substantive, managerial, political and social as a tool in order to ensure our administration run smoothly and efficiently. also, it is a tool and action taken by the government to enforce the country development palns and programs or projects encompasess political, social, economy aspects exclusively to enhance the administration performance and reach national development objective.

this is because, it can make our administration more systematic and stable because practices the entire elements and believe all the elements have their own benefits that will effect our administration system.

2. a)Human and social dimension of development. 

Human development can be viewed as the process of achieving an optimum level of health, and well-being. it includes physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, educational, economic, and other components as well.

social development is a process which results in the transformation of social structures in a manner which improves the capacity of the society to fulfill its aspirations.

for example, the policy of using english in the subjects of mathematic and science in Malaysia which has started few years ago has shown us that there is development in education in which the students are now more exposed to the english language and not only to malay language.

b) economic development

it refers to a sustainable increase in quality of life. it implies increase per capital income, better education and health as well as environmental protection. the economic development process supposes that legal and institutional adjustment are made to give incentives for innovation and for investment so as to develop an efficient production and distribution system for goods and services. in this aspect, the economists help policymakers formulate their development programs in ways consistent with the economic goals of the people and with their social and political system.

c)political development

this term refers to the expansion and centralization of governmental power, the differentiation and specialisation of functions, the identification of the populace with the political system, and their increased involvement in government.also, the larger numbers of people have been led into greater political awareness and have had more opportunity to participate. yet, there are those who maintain that this increase participation is more apparent than real.for example, there rates numbers of people who voting in general election in Malaysia has been increase and it was at about 80% number of participation in general election in the year 2008.another example is after the year of independence, goverment did not emphasize on administration aspects, but more to the social and economic development. that is why the administrative in Malaysia at that time was unstable and the citizens also had a hard time to reach out the goverment. but now, not anymore as there is a existence of E-Government which had make most of all the administrative system become easier and the citizens also can easily reach out for the goverment.

d)public administration development

public administration plays role as a mediator for private groups and individual to deliver services to the society. it is also an organization and it is management of people and materials to achieve government objective.it is also to provide efficient, pro-active and capable of meeting and the demands of the time as well as adjusting and itself for changes and reforms of the future.

to boost up the administrative skills within the administrator, the government establish the INTAN (Institusi Pentadbiran Negara) and MAMPU(Malaysian Administrative Modernization Unit). MAMPU is for the modernize goverment administration system, meanwhile the INTAN is providing training for the government services.

3-What is political administration dichotomy?

A politics-administration dichotomy is an administration that can be apolitical. No administration has ever been formed that has ever come close to being apolitical. Politics is what a government does and administration is how it does it. "What do I do?" and "How do I do it?" are related questions no matter what field your in. Politics-administration dichotomy not only cannot be sustained, it cannot be initiated.